Autoamtic control for wave form



1953 B. E. DENTON AUTOMATIC CONTROL FOR WAVE FORM Filed May 28, 1949 Patented Oct. 6, 1953 AUTOMATIC CONTROL FOR WAVE FORM Bethel Edward Denton, Merchantville, N. J., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application May 28, 1949, Serial No. 96,113

6 Claims.

to obtain a wave form restoring effect in a novel manner with the aid of a transformer and associated components.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel system including a transformer for employing a differential signal which is eifeotive in accordance with the invention for maintaining linearity of deflection of the cathode ray beam in a cathode ray tube.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel arrangement including a damper tube and the secondary winding of a transformer for automatically maintaining the wave form of the deflection wave in a reactance controlled deflection circuit associated with a cathode ray tube.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will, of course, become apparent and immediately suggest themselves to those skilled in the, art to which the invention is directed from a reading of the following specification in connection with the accompanying drawing which shows, diagrammatically, cathode ray beam deflecting apparatus embodying the invention.

Referring to the single figure of the drawing, there is shown, by way of example, a deflection circuit for deflecting the cathode ray beam of a cathode ray tube (not shown) along one axis, for example, the horizontal axis. Another similar deflection circuit (not shown) may be employed to produce deflection along an axis at right angles to the first axis thereby to produce a scanning raster in well-known manner. Arrangements, generally similar to that shown herein by way of example, are disclosed in Patent No. 2,101,520, granted December 7, 1937 to W. A. Tolson, and Tolson Reissue Patent No. 20,338, dated April 20, 1937.

The deflection circuit selected by way of example as a convenient setting for the present invention, although the invention is not limited in use to circuits of this type, comprises a discharge tube iii, a cathode follower tube II, a power tube l2, and deflection coils It. The coils It may be incorporated in a deflection yoke for use with a cathode ray tube (neither shown).

The grid I 8 of the discharge tube H! is connected through any suitable coupling means to a source (not shown) of sharppulses 2| of positive polarity. This source of pulses may be a blocking oscillator as shown in either of the Tolson patents mentioned above.

The anode 22 of the discharge tube 10 is connected through a charging resistor 24 to a suitable source of positive voltage (not shown) as indicated schematically at 26. The voltage supply source may be the usual B supply source generally associated with electronic equipment. Resistor 24 may be variable if desired to provide a control for the deflection amplitude.

A condenser 29 is charged in series with the resistor 24 from the connection 25 while the tube iii is substantially cut 011. A sawtooth voltage will appear across the condenser 29 since this condenser is discharged periodically by the tube H] on the occurrence of a pulse 2!. The developed voltage wave is shown conventionally and is designated by reference character 3 I.

The voltage wave 3|, developed as a result of the operation of the tube It), is applied through a coupling condenser 43 to the grid 44 of the cathode follower tube l l The grid resistor 45 of the tube l I is returned to the adjustable contact as of a potentiometer 41. This potentiometer may be used to adjust the operating level of the grid 44 of the tube l I and through this its cathode 53, thereby controlling the drive on element 58 of tube [2. The resistor of the potentiometer 41 is connected in series with a second resistor 39, this series combination being connected between a negative bias source (not shown), as indicated schematically at El, and ground. The anode 52 of the tube II is, or may be, directly connected to the source of positive potential indicated schematically at 2%. As mentioned above, the tube i I is connected as a cathode follower and its cathode 53 is connected to the negative potential source, as indicated at 5! through a cathode resistor 56. The control grid 55 of the power tube I2 is directly connected to the cathode 53 of the tube 1 I so that the sawtooth voltage Si is applied to the grid 58 in a positive direction from a low impedance source, which permits drivingthe control grid 58 into grid current when desired.

The tube I2 is a power tube and is preferably a pentode, as shown, and it serves to drive a sawtooth of current through the deflection coils l6 when the voltage wave form 3|, for example, is applied to its grid 58. It will be understood that this wave form may be modified to suit the characteristics of the deflection circuit which includes the deflecting coils l6. For example, high peaking may be employed by including a pulse component na z newn. ner-, The. an de 61 of the power tube ltis; connected; through, the deflection coil IE and a resistor 62 to the source of positive potential indicated at reference char; acter 26.

A damper tube, for exampleithe diodeafil'qraanr equivalent unilaterally conducting device, is connected in series with the secondary jl'j oi'ja former 13. This series circuit may include a resistor-condenser combination composed of a resistor 14 and a condenser 16: of the tube 64 is connected to the anode ,6, l, of, the tube I2 and to one end.of the coil or coils T6. The damper tube the transformer secondary 1| and the resistor-condenser--combination are con-- nected effectively across the deflection coil 16 and' the resistor 62- in the-illustrative arrangement since, as shown, the-coil IS-and the-transformer secondary H are connected "tothe-point 26; Thecoil lSis connected thereto throug-htheresistor 62.

A circuit; employing a; damper 'tubeis dis-.. closed in U: S." Reissue Patent'No. 21;4'00,*granted March 19, 1940. A complete discussion-of magnetic deflection will "be foundin'the RCA Review for September 1947-; beginning at page 506'; The manner inwhich the transforrner 18' functions inaccordance with present invention to correct the wave form-otdeflection will be describ'edherein-- after indetail,

The cathode ;83 of "the tube" l-is returned to ground through a cathode resistor 86 which is shunted by a condenser 61; This combination serves to supply a sawtooth wave form to correct polarity and adequate amplitude. The-resistor 86 serves as a potentiometer resistor; and the movable contact 880i the potentiometer provides a connection 'for obtaining asawtooth of voltage of desired amplitudeindicatedconventionally at 89, which is reversed-inph-ase with respect 'to-the sawtooth 3:. A wave comparison or mixer tube 99; serves to compare this-'sawtheoth of-=voltage 89*;with the sawtooth-ofvoltage-94 which-isobtained from the resistor 52; The latter is indication of the wave form of thedeflection current in the-deflectioncoils l5 so-that the tube 90;;wil1 function as awave comparisontu-be- The wave 89- is appliedovert conductor 92 to the grid 93'of the tube 96. 'The wave form of 'voltage, shown conventional1y-at-9L is applied from the resistor -62= to the-cathode-96-=of-=the=tube 90 by way of -a coupling condenser 98: Waves :89 and 9! have the same-phaserelationship but they may be considered as being applied efiectivelyin opposite phase relationship to the comparison device; The-anode-HH ofthe tuben ill -is connected through a resistor M tc -the source-of positive potential indicated schematically at 26; The cathode- '96 of the tube -90-'is connected to a reference point the circuit; such as ground, through a resistor- IHB. The-screen grid- IBS'ds connectedto the sourceindicatedat 26 by way of aresistcr i0! bypassed by a. condenser I 08;

The cathode .9 5 "of the :tube 9 ll,- being in phase with thegrid 13,:- allows iplate-tcurrent *toflow accordingto differences in: the respective slopes of theoriginalxor standard signal, 8.9 and-the omparison si nal 19 42- The-output. ironrthetube 90 11s.: coupled-mo -tha signal; grid; l Hlxofuartube fIhe-cathodelli III by way of a coupling condenser H4. The signal output of the tube which appears at the grid Ill! of the tube Ill is indicated conventionally at H6. If the wave form 9| is less in amplitude than the Wave form 89, the amplified difference will be represented by the curve. HE. Thedotted line I18 indicates generally the wave form: or the wave, 89 and the solid: line curve is the amplified difference between it andthe wave 9!, It will be understood that the dotted line H8 is in effect the axis of the curve H6 and that the cnrye; lit-army; be positive with respect to this axis, as shown, or negative. In general, there-williberasawtooth component in addition topthewcorrectioncomponent H6 which is indicated as a curved"line.

Atggridrresistonl I9 is provided for the signal grid 1H1, The anode I2! of the tube III is connected' through the primary I2 of the transformer 13 to the same-source of positive high potential, for-example; as that indicated at reference-character 26-.

In-oper-at-ion-01" theapparatusshown illustra-i tivel y as-embody ingthe present' .invention, anychangein current distribut-ior-i through v the de fiectioncol-1' Hi will-resultin a corresponding clean-go in the= wave-i=orm 9 This-will alter the shape-of the-curved portiom Hit of the wave appears in the output o'f-thetube 90-. This Wave; as pointed out-above; wili have a-sawtoth componentinaddition to the --correction component HST The current in the transformer primary is substantially a replica in wave form of :the-voltage wave l'fii The connections from the transformer secondary =11 are :made so that t'hdresulting-Waveat its-terminals-has :the polarity indicated by the curve [31L During the retrace -of flyback the condenser 1.6 is charged to somesvalue of voltage. The magnitude of: this voltagemharge is deter-mined by the deflection amplitude-, the time of-:cutofi i of :thetube I2 and other factors; Then, immediatelythe condenser 16 starts to discharge, at the beginning of trace, and the. exponential discharge rate is retarded bytthe-degree of conduction :inzthe-tube 64. The rate-bf discharge is partially controlled by the waveform of the curve; 13.! which appears :on "the secondary. 'HlOf- 'the transformer 13. If the negative amplitude-of the-curve :I'3il increases; it can beseenthat the rate ofzdischarge of the condensen-i 6 is. retarded since the-anode of the tube 64 ,is1less. :positivel Theconversenwillfbe truesas the negative; amplitudeiof :the. curve-13% i l org-if {its amplitude :is positive-with respect to the line-11 118a;

What .is claimed-fish l. A system for maintainingadesired wave formzcomprisingian; electric wave source, a utilization circuit for-said wavescoupled to. said source and comprisingta .:branclrcircuit which includes a transformer secondary and a :damper :tube, a wave; comparison dBVlCGv comprising: an .1 electronic amplifier having a plurality of terminals, means -=forapplying *anelectric wave irom said wavesource to a terminal of said amplifier, means for applyinga wave from said utilization circuitto another terminal lofusaid amplifier in the same phase relationshipas the wave applied from said wave, source, saidcomparison ,device having means for deriving a differential effechand means 1: comprising thel primariy 015- said transformer @fonapplying-said:difierentialvedect to the rcnchc rcuit :ofi; said :utiiization. ;circuit ztQi ofiset a; departure inf-the wavefonn appearing in said utilization device from the waveform supplied by said electric wave source.

2. A system for maintaining a desired waveform comprising an electric wave source, a utilization circuit coupled to said Wave source comprising a branch circuit which includes a condenser, a Wave comparison device, means for applying an electric wave from said wave source to said comparison device, means for applying a wave from said utilization circuit to said comparison device effectively in opposite phase relationship to the wave applied from said wave source, said comparison device having means for deriving a differential effect, an amplifier for amplifying said effect, a transformer comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, the output of said amplifier being connected to the primary of said transformer, the secondary of said transformer being included in said branch circuit of said utilization circuit to offset a departure in the waveform appearing in said utilization device from the waveform supplied by said electric wave source.

3. A system for maintaining a desired waveform comprising an electric wave source, a utilization circuit coupled to said wave source comprising a branch circuit which includes a parallel resistor-condenser combination, a wave comparison device comprising a tube having a cathode, an anode and a control electrode, means for applying an electric wave from said wave source to the control electrode of said tube, means for applying a voltage wave from said utilization circuit to the cathode of said tube, said comparison device thereby operating to provide a difierential effect, and means comprising a transformer for applying said differential effect to the branch circuit of said utilization circuit to offset a departure in the waveform appearing in said utilization device from the waveform supplied by said electric Wave source.

4. A system for maintaining a desired wave form comprising an electric wave source, an inductive utilization circuit coupled to said source and comprising an inductive coil for said wave, a damper circuit for said coil comprising a unilaterally conductive device and a resistor-condenser combination, a wave comparison device, means for applying an electric wave from said wave source to said comparison device, means for applying a wave from said utilization circuit to said comparison device effectively in opposite phase relationship to the wave applied from said wave source, said comparison device having means for deriving a differential signal, means for amplifying said differential signal,

means comprising a transformer having a secondary in said damper circuit for applying said differential signal to an electrode of said unilaterally conductive device to ofiset a departure in the wave form appearing in said utilization device from the waveform supplied by said electric wave source.

5. A system for maintaining a desired waveform comprising an electric wave source, a utilization circuit for said wave comprising a branch circuit said branch circuit including a unilaterally conductive device and a resistor-condenser combination, means for coupling said source to said utilization circuit a wave comparison device, means for applying an electric wave from said wave source to said comparison device, means for applying a wave from said utilization circuit to said comparison device, said comparison device thereby operating to provide a differential effect, and means comprising a transformer having a secondary in said branch circuit for applying said differential efiect to the branch circuit of-said utilization circuit to offset a departure in the waveform appearing in said utilization device from the waveform supplied by said electric wave source.

6, A deflection system for deflecting the oathode ray beam of a cathode ray tube comprising a sawtooth wave generator, a deflection coil, a damper tube for said coil, a driver tube for driving a beam deflecting current through said coil, a cathode follower amplifier for coupling said sawtooth wave generator to said driver tube, means for coupling said tube to said coil, a wave comparison device comprising electronic tube means, a pair of electrodes associated with said tube means, each electrode being effective to control current flow through said tube means, means for applying an electric wave from said sawtooth wave generator to one of said electrodes, means for obtaining a voltage wave representation of the current wave in said coil, means for applying the obtained voltage wave to the other of said electrodes, said comparison device having means for supplying a difierential effect, and means comprising a transformer having a secondary in series with said damper tube for apkplying said differential effect to said damper B. EDWARD DENTON.

References Cited in the flle of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,396,476 Schade Mar. 12, 1946 2,466,537 De Vore Apr. 5, 1949 

